Research

Below are posts related to research.



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Audio-Supported Reading for Students Who are Blind or Visually Impaired

By Charlotte Cushman
Introduction to the use of audio-supported reading and its use with students who are blind or visually impaired
Image of colorful silhouettes of children's heads

What is Literacy? The Power of a Definition

By Charlotte Cushman
The authors base their literacy definition on the assumption that all individuals in need of extensive supports are capable of benefitting from literacy instruction.
Slide from powerpoint presentation

Applying the Results of the ABC Braille Study to Real-Life Teaching: One Teacher's Interpretation

By Charlotte Cushman
This presentation emphasizes the need for teachers of students with visual impairments to focus on the full range of reading processes when they are working with young braille readers.
A girl works on a braille worksheet while her teacher looks on.

Teaching Early Braille Literacy Skills within a Stimulus Equivalence Paradigm to Children with Degenerative Visual Impairments

By Charlotte Cushman
Research study evaluating an instructive procedure for teaching early braille-reading skills with 4 school-aged children with degenerative visual impairments
A boy uses a braillewriter.

A review of the literature into effective practice in teaching literacy through braille

By Charlotte Cushman
Literature review and examination of evidence-based good practice in the area of teaching literacy through braille.
Teacher signs to student while working on money activity.

Web-Based Resources for Mathematics: Articles Related to Mathematics Education

By Charlotte Cushman
Collection of web-based resources on mathematics education
Boy works on mathematics problem.

Working Memory and Math Problem Solving by Blind Middle and High School Students: Implications for Universal Access

By Charlotte Cushman
This project investigates how blind students solve math word problems varying in text length and grade-level readability, in the context of existing web-based tutorial.
Mathematical formula

MathML Software Research Projects

By Charlotte Cushman
This page from the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) site presents a list of current research projects in making mathematics more accessible to people who are blind or visually impaired.
Color graphic of experiment

Relating Braille Reading Difficulties to Developmental Dyslexia: First Empirical Evidence

By Charlotte Cushman
This study aims to find out whether the correlational and causal pattern between temporal processing, speech perception, phonological processing and reading is the same both in print & braille readers
A teenage boy sits at a computer.

How Speech-Feedback and Word-Prediction Software Can Help Students Write

By Charlotte Cushman
Case study is described that examines the experience of a 7th grader with learning disabilities in written expression and his use of word prediction and speech feedback software during journal writing
A young boy watches attentively as adult signs to him.

The Role of the TVI in Literacy Instruction for Students who are Deafblind

By Charlotte Cushman
This article presents the major roles of the TVI in the instruction literacy skills with students who are deafblind.
Two boys look at a book of picture symbols together.

The NCDB Outcomes and Performance Indicators: Literacy

By Charlotte Cushman
Literature review looking at emergent literacy and students with significant multiple disabilities or deafblindness
A teenage boy uses a Braille Note.

Instruction of Keyboarding Skills: A Whole Language Approach to Teaching Functional Literacy Skills to Students who are Blind and Have Additional Disabilities

By Charlotte Cushman
This article describes an unconventional method to teach uncontracted braille reading and writing skills to students who are blind and have additional disabilities.

Low Vision Meta-Analysis

By Charlotte Cushman
Examination of the research evidence on low vision stimulation, development, and devices.
Girl uses an adapted keyboard to access a computer

Low Vision Affects the Reading Process Quantitatively But Not Qualitatively

By Charlotte Cushman
Comparison of the reading behavior of students with low vision to that of two groups of students with normal vision.
Boy uses handheld magnifier to read a line of print.

Literacy Skills of Children with Low Vision

By Charlotte Cushman
This study examines the literacy performance and development of children with low vision andlooks at the extent to which the performance of children with low vision differs from their sighted peers
A boy with glasses looks at a line of print with his teacher.

Literacy and Australians with Low Vision

By Charlotte Cushman
This paper presents research and reflections on literacy and low vision.
Young boy with glasses looks at a picture book

Framework for Developing Evidence-Based Early Literacy Learning Practices

By Charlotte Cushman
This paper includes a description of a framework for synthesizing research evidence on early literacy learning and using this information for developing evidence-based early literacy learning practice
Cover of Report of the National Early Literacy Panel

Developing Early Literacy: Report of the National Early Literacy Panel

By Charlotte Cushman
Implications of instructional practices used with children & addresses issues of instructional practices for young children so that parents & teachers can better support emerging literacy skills
Two boys look at a book of picture symbols together.

A Survey on Literacy Instruction for Students with Multiple Disabilities

By Charlotte Cushman
This survey looks at literacy instruction with students with visual impairments and multiple disabilities.

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